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For those of you who still have old computers running Windows XP (32-bit) or any other Windows 32-bit OS, I have setup the download availability of my old old standards: Tube CAD, SE Amp CAD, and Audio Gadgets. The downloads are at the GlassWare-Yahoo store and the price is only $9.95 for each program. So many have asked that I had to do it.

  1. You see it with Apple (no one could seriously think that the iPhone is a good phone, or that Mac OS is superior to Windows), you see it with certain bands like Radiohead, and you definitely see it with Obama. I think questioning someone's motives for liking something is silly, and does not advance the discussion in any way.
  2. For those of you who still have old computers running Windows XP (32-bit) or any other Windows 32-bit OS, I have setup the download availability of my old old standards: Tube CAD, SE Amp CAD, and Audio Gadgets. The downloads are at the GlassWare-Yahoo store and the price is only $9.95 for each program. So many have asked that I had to do it.

The classic Macintosh startup sequence includes hardware tests which may trigger the startup chime, Happy Mac, Sad Mac, and Chimes of Death. On Macs running macOS Big Sur the startup sound is enabled by default, but can be disabled by the user within system preferences.[1]

Startup chime[edit]

The Macintosh startup chime is played on power-up, before trying to boot an operating system. The sound indicates that diagnostic tests run immediately at startup have found no hardware or fundamental software problems.[2] The specific sound differs depending on the ROM, which greatly varies depending on Macintosh model. The first sound version in the first three Macintosh models is a simple square-wave 'beep', and all subsequent sounds are various chords.

Mark Lentczner created the software that plays the arpeggiated chord in the Macintosh II. Variations of this sound were deployed until Jim Reekes created the startup chime in the Quadra 700 through the Quadra 800.[3] Reekes said, 'The startup sound was done in my home studio on a Korg Wavestation EX. It's a C major chord, played with both hands stretched out as wide as possible (with 3rd at the top, if I recall).' He created the sound as he was annoyed with the tri-tone startup chimes because they were too associated with the death chimes and the computer crashes. He recalls that Apple did not give him permission to change the sound but that he secretly snuck the sound into the computers with the help of engineers who were in charge of the ROM chips. When Apple discovered this, he refused to change it, using various claims in order to keep the new sound intact.[4] He is also the creator of the iconic (or 'earconic', as he calls it) 'bong' startup chime in most Macintoshes since the Quadra 840AV. A slightly lower-pitched version of this chime is in all PCI-based Power Macs until the iMac G3. The Macintosh LC, LC II, and Macintosh Classic II do not use the Reekes chime, instead using an F major chord that just produces a 'ding' sound. The first generation of Power Macintosh computers also do not use the Reekes chime, instead using a chord strummed on a Yamaha12-string acoustic guitar by jazz guitarist Stanley Jordan. Further, the Power Macintosh 5200–6300 computers (excluding the 5400 and 5500, which have the 'bong' chime like the one in the PCI-based Power Macs) use a unique chime, which is also in the television commercials for the Power Macintosh and PowerBook series from 1995 until 1998, and the 20th Anniversary Macintosh uses another unique sound.

For models built prior to the introduction of the Power Macintosh in 1994, the failure of initial self-diagnostic tests results in a Sad Mac icon, an error code, and distinctive Chimes of Death sounds.

The chime for all Mac computers from 1998 to 2016 is the same chime used first in the iMac G3. The chord is a F-sharp major chord, and was produced by pitch-shifting the 840AV's sound. The Mac startup chime is now a registered trademark in the United States,[5] and is featured in the 2008 Pixar film WALL-E when the titular robot character is fully recharged by solar panels as well as in the 2007 Brad Paisley song 'Online'.[6]

Starting with the 2016 MacBook Pro, all new Macs were shipped without a startup chime, with the Macs silently booting when powered on.[7] In 2020, the startup chime would be added to these models with the release of macOS Big Sur, which allows it to be enabled or disabled in System Preferences.[8] On the macOS Big Sur 11.0.1 beta, it was discovered that the new lower pitched chime was brought to all older supported Macs. In a firmware update included in the macOS Catalina 2020-001 Security Update, and the macOS Mojave 2020-007 Security Update, the new startup chime in Big Sur is brought to all Catalina and Mojave supported Macs except 2012 models.

Happy Mac[edit]

The splash screen under Mac OS 8.
The 'Welcome to Macintosh' screen seen in System 7.5 and earlier.

A Happy Mac is the normal bootup (startup) icon of an Apple Macintosh computer running older versions of the Mac operating system. It was designed by Susan Kare in the 1980s, drawing inspiration from the design of the Compact Macintosh series and from the Batman character Two-Face.[9] The icon remained unchanged until the introduction of New World ROM Macs, when it was updated to 8-bit color. The Happy Mac indicates that booting has successfully begun, whereas a Sad Mac (along with the 'Chimes of Death' melody or one or more beeps) indicates a hardware problem.

When a Macintosh boots into the classic Mac OS (Mac OS 9 or lower), the system will play its startup chime, the screen will turn gray, and the Happy Mac icon will appear, followed by the Mac OS splash screen (or the small 'Welcome to Macintosh' screen in System 7.5 and earlier), which underwent several stylistic changes. Mac OS versions 8.6 and later also includes the version number in this splash screen (for example, 'Welcome to Mac OS 8.6').

On early Macs that had no internal hard drive, the computer boots up to a point where it needs to load the operating system from a floppy disk. Until the user inserts the correct disk, the Mac displays a floppy icon with a blinking question mark. In later Macs, a folder icon with a question mark that repeatedly changes to the Finder icon is shown if a System Folder or boot loader file cannot be found on the startup disk.

With the introduction of Mac OS X, in addition to the blinking system folder icon, a prohibition icon was added to show an incorrect OS version is found. The bomb screen in the classic Mac OS was replaced with a kernel panic, which was originally colored white but was changed to black in version 10.3. With Mac OS X 10.1, a new Happy Mac was included. This is also the last version that had a Happy Mac icon; in version 10.2, the Happy Mac symbol was replaced with the Apple logo. In OS X Lion 10.7, the Apple logo was slightly shrunk and modified. In OS X Yosemite 10.10, the white screen with a gray Apple logo was replaced with a black screen with a white Apple logo and the spinning wheel was replaced with a loading bar. However, this only applies to Macs from 2013 and later, including the 2012 Retina MacBook Pros, and requires a firmware update to be applied. All earlier Macs still use the old screen. The shadow on the Apple logo was removed in OS X El Capitan 10.11. In 2016+ Macs, the Apple logo appears immediately when the screen turns on.The Face ID logo for the iPhone X was based on the Happy Mac.

Sad Mac[edit]

One version of the Sad Mac icon, this one indicating that an illegal instruction occurred.

A Sad Mac is a symbol in older-generation Apple Macintosh computers (hardware using the Old World ROM and not Open Firmware, which are those predating onboard USB), starting with the original 128K Macintosh and ending with the last NuBus-based Power Macintosh models (including the first-generation 6100, 7100, 8100, as well as the PowerBook 5300 and 1400),[10] to indicate a severe hardware or software problem that prevented startup from occurring successfully. The Sad Mac icon is displayed, along with a set of hexadecimal codes that indicate the type of problem at startup. Different codes are for different errors. This is in place of the normal Happy Mac icon, which indicates that the startup-time hardware tests were successful. In 68k models made after the Macintosh II, the Chimes of Death are played.

Models prior to the Macintosh II crash silently and display the Sad Mac, without playing any tone. PowerPC Macs play a sound effect of a car crash, and computers equipped with the PowerPC upgrade card use the three note brass fanfare death chime (A, E-natural, and E-flat), followed by the sound of a drum, same as the Macintosh Performa 6200 and Macintosh Performa 6300.

A Sad Mac may be deliberately generated at startup by pressing the interrupt switch on Macintosh computers that had one installed, or by pressing Command and Power keys shortly after the startup chime. On some Macintoshes such as PowerBook 540c, if the user presses the command and power keys before the boot screen displays, it will play the 'chimes of death'. The chimes are a fraction of normal speed and there is no Sad Mac displayed.

Old World ROM Power Macintosh and PowerBook models based on the PCI architecture do not use a Sad Mac icon and will instead only play the error/car-crash sound on a hardware failure (such as missing or bad memory, unusable CPU, or similar).

Mac OS X 10.2 Jaguar and later instead use the Universal 'no' symbol to denote a hardware or software error that renders the computer non-bootable.[11][12]

Sad iPod[edit]

On the iPod, if damage or an error occurs in the hardware or the firmware, for example, if its files are deleted, a Sad iPod appears. This is similar to the Sad Mac, but instead of a Macintosh, there is an iPod, and there are no chimes of death. The icon also lacks a nose, and the frown is flipped horizontally. It also does not show hexadecimal codes indicating what problem occurred in the iPod. This error screen will not show up when a problem occurs in the newer iPods.

Chimes of Death[edit]

The Chimes of Death are the Macintosh equivalent of a beep code on IBM PC compatibles. On all Macintosh models predating the adoption of PCI and Open Firmware, the Chimes of Death are often accompanied by a Sad Mac icon in the middle of the screen.

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Different Macintosh series have different death chimes. The Macintosh II is the first to use the death chimes, a loud and eerie upward major arpeggio, with different chimes on many models. The Macintosh Quadra, Centris, Performa, LC, and the Macintosh Classic II play a generally softer and lower pitched version of the upward major arpeggio, followed by three or four notes, with slight variation depending on the model of the Macintosh. The PowerBook 5300, 190, and 1400 use the second half of the 8-note arpeggio as found on the Quadra and Centris models, or the entire death chime if the error occurs before the screen lights up. The Macintosh Quadra 660AV and Centris 660AV use a sound of a single pass of Roland D-50's 'Digital Native Dance' sample loop, and the NuBus based Power Macintosh models (including 6100,[13] 7100, and 8100) series use a car crash sound. The Power Macintosh and Performa 6200 and 6300 series, along with the Power Macintosh upgrade card, use an eerily dramatic 3-note brass fanfare with a rhythm of drums and cymbals. The pre-G3 PCI Power Macs, the beige G3 Power Macs, the G3 All-In-One, and the PowerBook 2400, 3400, and G3 all use a sound of glass shattering; these models do not display a Sad Mac icon. Since the introduction of the iMac in 1998, the Chimes of Death are no longer used in favor of a series of tones to indicate hardware errors.

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^About Mac startup tones Apple. November 8, 2018. Retrieved February 23, 2020
  2. ^Hardwick, Tim (October 30, 2016). 'Classic Mac Startup Chime Not Present in New MacBook Pros'. MacRumors. Retrieved September 14, 2020.
  3. ^Whitwell, Tom (May 26, 2005) 'Tiny Music Makers: Pt 4: The Mac Startup Sound', Music Thing
  4. ^Pettitt, Jeniece (March 24, 2018). 'Meet the man who created Apple's most iconic sounds: Sosumi, the camera click and the start-up chord'. CNBC. Retrieved March 24, 2018.
  5. ^'Apple's Classic Mac Startup Chime is now a Registered Trademark'. Patently Apple. December 12, 2012. Retrieved October 30, 2016.
  6. ^Apple Sound Designer on Iconic Startup Sound. Obama Pacman. March 10, 2010. Retrieved January 24, 2011.
  7. ^Hardwick, Tim (October 30, 2016). 'Classic Mac Startup Chime Not Present in New MacBook Pros'. MacRumors. Retrieved October 30, 2016.
  8. ^Peters, Jay (June 23, 2020). 'The Mac's iconic startup chime is back in macOS Big Sur'. The Verge. Retrieved June 28, 2020.
  9. ^Hertzfield, Andy (November 19, 2011). Revolution in The Valley [Paperback]: The Insanely Great Story of How the Mac Was Made. O'Reilly Media. ISBN978-1-4493-1624-2.
  10. ^'Macintosh: 'Sad Macintosh' Error Code Meaning'. Apple. November 30, 2003. Archived from the original on June 17, 2009. Retrieved August 24, 2008.
  11. ^'OS X: 'Broken folder' icon, prohibitory sign, or kernel panic when computer starts. Apple'. Archived from the original on October 13, 2007. Retrieved July 29, 2010.
  12. ^Delio, Michelle (August 2, 2002). ''Happy Mac' Killed By Jaguar'. Wired.com. Archived from the original on February 4, 2011.
  13. ^'Weird Mac Startup and Crash Sounds'. 512 Pixels. November 14, 2011.

External links[edit]

  • The Original Macintosh: Boot Beep – Folklore.org
Retrieved from 'https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Macintosh_startup&oldid=1014729985'

Over the years, Spam emails and phishing attacks have grown at a skyrocketing rate and can cost you a fortune. All of us have experienced Spam email, and we keep getting them regularly.

The email has become an indispensable part of our day to day life, with millions of emails exchanged every day, and spam emails form a massive part of it. They are dangerous and can impact you adversely.

Being able to identify spam emails and understanding its implications is quite crucial to ensure a safe working environment. Email spamming and phishing emails are widely used by cybercriminals to victimize innocent users and steal their confidential information or money.

In this space, we will first learn what spam is? How to identify and report them and, most importantly, how to stop spam emails.

What Is Spam?

Spam is an automated electronic SMS messaging system used to send unwanted messages to target audiences. The overall look and economics of spam are very compelling, which makes it quite challenging to identify it.

Email spamming is one of the most common forms of spam and is used for all sought of unethical activities by digital criminals. Being its victim means opening your systems door for viruses and malware.

They make your system vulnerable and prone to malicious attacks such as social engineering, computer viruses, and phishing.

Must Read: How To Schedule Emails in Gmail For Free

What is Email Spamming? How Does It Work?

Email spamming is an automated task of sending bulk and junk mail to millions of users and aims at directing users to malware sites.

Spam mail usually contains an infected link, executable file attachment, or a malicious script. These emails look completely harmless and appear to come from a well-known source like banks, pharmacy, reputed government organizations, etc..

If any user clicks on the embedded link or tiers to open the attachment, they get redirected to an official-looking website where the user is supposed to sign up and log in. Cybercriminals use such information for carrying out all the immoral activities like stealing money, spreading the virus, etc.

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Looking at the implications and terrible effects of viruses and spoofing emails, we must make ourselves aware of it. Let’s find out how to identify spam emails

How to Identify Spam Emails?

1. Don’t Trust The Book Blindly by Its Cover

The primary purpose of a phishing email is to affect people worldwide by masquerading themselves as legitimate and genuine emails. They appear to have come from a well-known brand or a trustworthy site.

What is important to remember here is don’t open any email that comes to your inbox just because its sources looks similar to a reliable name. Check it’s economic thoroughly, including the email address, display name before you decide to open it.

2. Look Out for Spelling Errors

Brands are highly serious about email marketing, and so are digital thieves about using emails for corrupt activities. Emails coming from an official source will never have any grammatical errors, oddly framed sentences, or spelling mistakes.

So, before you open an email, check for all possible errors, read them carefully to ensure your online safety.

3. See, But Do Not Click

If the email that you have received contains any link, hover your mouse on it to check its authenticity. If it appears fishy to your do not click on it; you may alternatively also copy the link and check it in a separate browser.

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Avoid clicking on all unfamiliar links and attachments.

4. Don’t Disclose Your Personal Information

Trusted brands, government organizations, banks, and e-commerce sites will never ask for your confidential details on an email. Stay vigilant to ensure online security.

5. Be Aware of All Urgent Looking and Threatening Emails

Another way of identifying spam emails is to check how much urgency they are trying to invoke. Subjects like “unauthorized login attempt,”“ last date” are usually used to threaten innocent users. These are all phishing tactics, do not fall prey to them.

6. Check The Salutation

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Personal and specific salutations denote authenticity in most of the cases. An email with general greetings like “Valued customers” might lead you to an infected site.

7. Never Click on Embedded Attachments

Including strange attachments is another way to fool people. These attachments and files are mostly infected with malicious malware. It is one of the most widely used phishing methods and has affected millions of users worldwide by infecting their PC and stealing their personal information.

If you see an email that you were not expecting, do not open any attachments included in it.

8. Consider Checking The Signature

A mail from a legitimate source will always have a well-detailed signature, including necessary details about the signer. All such information is usually missing in spoofing emails.

All trusted brands, banks, and government organizations will always give contact details, including an official email and contact number, which is missing in spam mails.

Stay Protected From Spam Emails

We believe, by now, you are entirely aware of all types of misleading strategies used by cyber thieves to spread phishing emails.

However, not just identification but also precaution is critical to ensure complete online safety and security. Let’s now check some of the best precautionary methods that will keep you protected from spam emails.

  • Users’ data is an essential thing for phishers, which is mostly collected from various online platforms. It is vital that we can distinguish between what’s wrong and what’s correct. Never share your email id and other personal details on platforms that are not known to you.
  • Never use the same Username and login credentials in all your accounts. Spammers can quickly identify similar-looking details
  • If you are being asked on the “Unsubscribe link,” ignore it, the only aim of such links to get your details. The best way to deal with such issues is to avoid their existence altogether.
  • If you manage to identify a spam email, do not forget to report it as a “Spam.” So, if you receive an email from the same source in the future, it will directly be tagged as a Spam mail.

So, this is everything that one should know to keep themselves protected from a phishing email, but if you are still unable to identify a spam email and are unsure about its authenticity, delete it.