Title Developer/publisher Release date Genre License Mac OS versions A-10 Attack! Parsoft Interactive 1995 Flight simulator Abandonware 7.5–9.2.2. ICam is definitely oriented more at iOS users than Mac users but there is an Mac app called iCamSource which basically streams video from your Mac to your iPhone, iPad and even iPod Touch devices. You can connect as many cameras as you want to your Mac via USB or Firewire and of course use your Mac’s iSight camera. ☃Disclaimer: Macintosh Garden does not claim rights to any software on the site. To the best of our knowledge, these titles have been discontinued by their publishers. If you know otherwise, please contact us and we will remove them accordingly.
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MacBook Air, Mac OS X (10.7.5) Posted on Dec 21, 2013 12:56 PM Reply I have this question too (1045) I have this question too Me too (1045) Me too.
In this series of posts, I am going to create a clone of the classic arcade game,space invaders, in C++ using onlya few dependencies. In this post I will set up a window with an OpenGL 3.3 contextusing GLFW and GLEW, as the only dependencies for this simple clone.
The complete code of this post can be found here.
Space Invaders
Space Invaders is an arcade game, which was first released in 1978. It is a 2D horizontal shooter where the player controls a cannon by moving it across the bottom of the screen and firing at a swarm of aliens. Points are earned for every alien it shoots down. A UFO will occasionally move across the top of the screen and award bonus points if destroyed. As more aliens are defeated, the game speeds up. The aliens also fire shots randomly as they approach the bottom of the screen, and If the shots hit the player, he loses a life. The cannon is partially protected by several bunkers that are gradually destroyed by numerous blasts from the aliens or player. Defeating all the aliens brings another wave and repairs all bunkers. The game ends if all bunkers get destroyed or the aliens reach the bottom, or if the player loses all lives.
Setting Goals
It is important to set out goals before you start a new project. My plan is not to faithfully reconstruct the original space invaders game, but to create space-invaders-like game with only the core elements. It is also very common in game development to first create a rough prototype using the core mechanics you would like to test out, and later add 'polish'. So the plan is to create a space invaders prototype. In this prototype, I'd like to have the canon controlled by the player, the alien waves that gradually travel towards the canon, and most importantly, the ability to shoot for both aliens and the canon. I will thus ignore the UFO, and the bunkers, but these can easily be implemented.
Note that all games can be decomposed into very basic elements (I highly recommend this great talk by Raph Koster). In space invaders, two basic elements can be recognized -- shooting, which can also be seen as a form of collision detection, and movement. Most AAA games involve some kind of shooting or collision detection, and movement. The complexity of these games arises from the number elements that are mixed together, the number of dimensions, the complexity of the movement, and the various game rules. So, developing even a simple clone of space invaders can teach us a lot about games and game development.
So, having set our goals, let's start programming!
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Hello Window
There are various ways to create a window. You can either use the native API, e.g. Cocoa, X, or WinAPI, or you can use a cross-platform library such as Qt or GLFW. If you want complete control over your code, you could choose the native API approach, but to avoid headaches and to easily make this small project cross-platform, I decided to go with GLFW. GLFW is lightweight, and has a simple C API.
To use GLFW, we need to include its header file. Along with it we include the standard C IO header file,
Before creating a window in GLFW, we need to be able to get error events. Events in GLFW are reported through callbacks. The error callback is set in GLFW using the function
The callback should have the following signature,
where in the first argument it receives the error code, and in the second argument it receives the error description as a UTF-8 encoded string. We create a simple error callback that prints the error description to stderr.
In our main function, we hand-over our error callback to GLFW so that it can call it when an error occurs,
We can now poceed with initializing the GLFW library,
Finally, to create a window, we add the following code,
which will create a window with title 'Space Invaders' and a resolution of 640x480 with an OpenGL context. The last two parameters of the glfwCreateWindow call are for specifying a monitor for full-screen mode, and for sharing context between different windows. We call glfwTerminate to let GLFW destroy its resources if there where any problems creating the window. We also need to tell GFLW to make subsequent OpenGL calls apply to the current context. We do this by calling glfwMakeContextCurrent. Currently the OpenGL context version we receive from GLFW is unknown. We need to tell GLFW that we would like a context that is at least version 3.3. This is done by giving GLFW the appropriate 'hints' before creating the window,
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Unlike most libraries, OpenGL is an API specification. The actual API implementation can vary between different GPUs and vendors, operating systems, and graphics drivers.The OpenGL specification defines many functions, and your graphics driver may not support all of them. For this reason, OpenGL functions need to be declared and loaded explicitly at runtime. Although we could handle the loading of the functions we need, it is generally recommended to use a loading library. For this project I decided to use GLEW because I have used it before in other projects. The GLEW header needs to be included before glfw3.h,
After making the context current, we initialize GLEW,
After this, we can finally make calls to OpenGL functions. Let's first query the OpenGL version we got,
The Game loop
If we run the code we have written so far, we will most probably see nothing. The window will be created and the program will immediately exit. To keep the window open, we need to create a so-called game loop. A game loop is an infinite loop where input is processed, and the game is updated and drawn; it is essentially the heart of every game. Game loops can get very complicated, but again, I will keep it simple,
We first set the buffer clear color for glClear to red. In graphics programming, a buffer refers to a portion of RAM used by the computer to hold a temporary image. Modern OpenGL uses a double buffering scheme; the 'front' buffer is used for displaying an image, while the 'back' buffer is used for drawing. The buffers are then swapped at each iteration -- this is what is done here using the glfwSwapBuffers call. Additionally, at each iteration, we instruct GLFW to process any pending events, glfwPollEvents, and terminate the infinite loop if GLFW was instructed to do so (e.g. by clicking the close button), by checking the return value of glfwWindowShouldClose. At this point, if we would like for our program to exit cleanly, we also need to make the following two calls,
Compiling
The complete code of this post can be found here. To compile it under Linux using g++, issue the following command on the terminal,
and on Mac OS X using the Xcode command line tools,
Note that we are going to use some C++11 features later on, so we compile with -std=c++11. In both cases, make sure you have GLFW 3 installed. On Linux, depending on your distribution, you can use your package manager, e.g. on Ubuntu you can install GLFW with the following command,
while on Mac OS X, I personally prefer using Homebrew,
Unfortunately, I don't have Windows installed, but perhaps this article can help you setup a GLFW project in Visual Studio.That should do it! If you successfully compiled the program, you should see a red window titled 'Space Invaders', like the one above.
Conclusion
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As you might have realized from this post, creating a simple window with an OpenGL context in C++, is no simple task, even using a library like GLFW. Note that we are still not drawing anything. Setting up some simple drawing routines also takes quite some setting up in modern OpenGL. Fortunately, we only have to do all this once, the next game will reuse a lot of the code I'm going to present in this blog series.
No game stirs childhood memories for me as much as Space Invaders. Having wasted many hours during the late 70s pouring coins into the Space Invaders machine in the fast food place down the road, I would go to sleep with pixellated aliens marching relentlessly across my vision.
The original Space Invaders has inspired hundreds of similar arcade games over the years (not to mention Human Space Invaders!). The original Space Invaders publishers, TAITO, have released a couple of versions for the iPhone: Space Invaders (a clone of the original) and the marvellous Space Invaders Infinity Gene.
Space Invaders reloaded
This game isn’t just Space Invaders with a few extra bells and whistles – it’s a complete rethink of the game. Putting aside the fact that it’s based on one of the classic arcade games of all time, Space Invaders Infinity Gene is one of the best arcade shooters on the iPhone that I’ve ever played.
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The game starts much like the original game, but quickly evolves into a much more fast-paced affair, with all sorts of baddies zooming over the screen. You also get to move your ship up and down as well as the usual left and right (now there’s progress!). It can get quite hectic at times, but fortunately you can move the ship by touching anywhere on the screen, so your finger doesn’t get in the way. You don’t have to worry about shooting either, as the ship auto-fires constantly.
Each level features the old “flying saucers across the top” from the original Space Invaders; however rather than giving you extra points, these drop power-ups when you shoot them. Power-ups increase the strength of your ship’s firepower – very useful near the end of a level (especially as many levels feature bosses at the end).
Different each time you play it
What makes Space Invaders Infinity Gene so good is that it’s constantly changing as you play it, and it has a near-infinite variety of levels (hence the name). As you score points your gene counter increases; once it reaches a certain level the game “evolves”, unlocking new weapons, features, and bonus levels.
You can customise the game once it’s “evolved” sufficiently. For example you can increase the number of stock (reserve ships) per game (though anything other than the default of 3 voids your high score), as well as choose easy, normal and hard difficulty levels.
As if all that weren’t enough, there’s the glorious “Music” mode. Pick a track from your iPhone’s music library and the game makes up a level based on that track, which you play while listening to the song. Each track produces a different level (though the level is the same each time you play that track). This great idea adds a huge amount of re-playability to the game. The number of levels is limited only by the number of songs in your iPhone!
If I had to criticise this game, I’d say that it’s hard to work out which blobs will hurt you and which won’t (as well as what you can shoot and what you can’t). You do learn after a bit of practice though. As a general rule, I’ve found that if it’s solid it’ll kill you; if it’s hollow it won’t!
The game also seems memory-hungry and suggests rebooting the phone every other time I launch it (although I haven’t actually had to reboot yet).
Superb
Space Invaders Infinity Gene is a superb rethink of the original Space Invaders game. The designers have obviously thought hard about how to take the original, repetitive game to the other extreme by making something that feels “new” each time you play it.
A definite evolution. Get it now!
Rating: 4.5/5